Digital Artifact Project - Century of War
Philippine-American War
Feb 4, 1899-July 4, 1902
- Armed conflict between American forces and Filipino Revolutionaries.
- Filipino rebels hoping to secure independence from the US, after its acquisition from the Spanish-American War.
- 2 "phases of War"
- First phase: February - November 1899: Filipino's attempt to fight a conventional war against better trained/equipped American troops.
- Second phase: November 1899 - 1901: Filipino strategy changed to a guerrilla warfare tactic. American losses were heavy in these first few months. Led to American counter-insurgency tactics.
- To combat guerrilla war, civilians were identified and placed in concentration camps. Any civilian outside these camps were killed on sight.
- Emilio Aguinaldo surrendered to American forces on April 1, 1901, causing a chain reaction of defeats for Filipino forces.
- July 4, 1902, Roosevelt proclaimed a general amnesty, and the war was over.
- 4,211 Americans deceased; 20,000+ Filipino combatants & 200,000+ Filipino civilians deceased.